Longman Panorma Geography Solutions Solutions for Class 6 SOCIAL SCIENCE Chapter 3 (2024)

Question A.1:

What do you mean by the inclination of the earth's axis?

Answer:

The tilted position of the Earth's axis is known as inclination of the Earth's axis. The Earth's rotation axis makes an angle of about 66.5°with the plane of its orbit around the Sun or about 23.5°from the perpendicular to the elliptical plane. This inclination is thereason we experiencedifferent seasons on the Earth.

Question A.2:

What are the effects of the earth's rotation?

Answer:

The Earth rotates about its axis and it takes about 24 hours to complete one rotation. Some of the effects of the Earth's rotation are as follows:

1. Rotation creates a diurnal cycle of light and darkness, i.e. day andnight.
2. Rotation causes tides, i.e. rise and fall of the sea level twice a day.
3. Rotation causes sunrise in the east and sunset in the west.

Question A.3:

Why does February have 29 days after every 4 years?

Answer:

The Earth revolves around the Sun in anticlockwise direction and it takes about 365 days and 6 hours to complete one revolution. However, for our convenience, theseextra 6hours areadded every year for the next fouryears to create a total of 24 hours or onemore day in February. This extra day in Februarycomes after every fouryears and the year in which it occursis known as theleap year;it has366 days in total.

Question A.4:

What are the effects of revolution?

Answer:

The Earth takes around 365 days and6 hours to complete one revolution around the Sun. The effects of the Earth's revolution are as follows:

1. Variationin the lengths of days and nights
2. Slanting or vertical sunrays
3. Occurrence of various seasons (spring, summer, autumn and winter)
4. Movement of the Sun between the Tropic of Cancer and the Tropic of Capricorn

Question A.5:

Name the two factors responsible for the occurrence of seasons.

Answer:

The two factors responsible for the occurrence of seasons are as follows:

1. The Earth rotates on its own axis and it is tilted at an angle of 23.5°with respect to its orbital plane; thiscauses the occurrence of seasons.
2. The revolution of the Earth around the Sun, which requires365 days and 6 hours,in an elliptical orbitalso causes thechange in seasons.

Question B.1:

Rotation and revolution

Answer:

Question B.2:

Vertical rays of the sun and slanting rays of the sun

Answer:

Question C.1:

We have alternate days and nights.

Answer:

This is becausethe Earth rotates on itsaxis and completes one rotation in 24 hours. During this rotation, sunrays fall on half of the spinningEarth and this half of the Earth experiences day. The other darker side of the Earth experiences night during this time. With eachspin, the Earth moves from darkness to light and viceversa.

Question C.2:

Days and nights are not equal in length.

Answer:

The variation in the lengths of days and nights occurs because the Earth revolves around the Sun, with its axis always inclined at an angle of 66.5°. This causeslonger days and shorter nights in summer in the southern hemisphere. This variation between the lengths of days and nights increases with increasing distance from the Equator to the poles.

Question C.3:

21st June is the longest day in the Northern Hemisphere.

Answer:

On21June, the Northern Hemisphere is inclined towards the Sun. The rays of the Sunfall directly onthe Tropic of Cancer, causing summerin the Northern Hemisphere and winterin the Southern Hemisphere. Because of this,we experience the longest day andthe shortest night of the yearon21June.

Question C.4:

On 21st March and 23rd September days and nights are equal all over the world.

Answer:

On 21March and23September, the Sun shines vertically onthe Equator;therefore, all places on the Earth experience equal days and equal nights. On 21March, the Northern Hemisphere has spring, while the Southern Hemisphere has autumn. On 23September, ​the Northern Hemisphere has autumn, while the Southern Hemisphere has spring.

Question D.1:

Answer:

The correct answer is option (a).

Explanation:TheEarth's axis is an imaginary line joining the North Pole and theSouth Pole. This axis is tilted at an angle of 23½° with respect to the plane of the Earth's orbit. This tilt is also known as the inclination of the Earth's axis.

Question D.2:

Answer:

Question D.3:

Answer:

Question D.4:

Answer:

The correct answer is option (d).

Explanation: On 22December, the Northern Hemisphere turnsaway from the Sun and experiences the shortest day. On the contrary, at this time, the Southern Hemisphere inclinestowards the Sun and thereforeexperiences the longest day.

Question E:

Answer:

Explanation:

1. In olden days, people used to think that the Earth is like a flat disc. But Magellan proved that the Earth is round.
2. During the summer solstice, the Northern Hemisphere witnesses its longest day of the year.
3.​On 21 March every year in the Northern Hemisphere, the spring equinox happens when the length of the day and that of the night are equal.
4. The rotation of the Earth is responsible for the deflection of winds.
5. The revolution of the Earth around the Sun causes the change in seasons (summer, winter, spring etc.)on the Earth.

Question F:

Draw neat and labelled diagrams to show the occurrence of day and night and the occurrence of seasons

Answer:

Occurrence of Day and Night

Occurrence of Seasons